Care Plan Essay

Clinical Diagnosis: sickle cell pallor with vaso-occlusive emergency Nursing Diagnosis List 1.Impaired Comfort identified with sickle cell iron deficiency as confirm by intense vaso-occlusive emergency. The patient’s torment should outweigh everything else as the nursing finding, since it is altogether including factor that influences the client’s capacity to work inside different zones of Maslow’s order of physiological needs, for example, breathing and resting. The torment from the vaso-impediment makes it hard for the customer to get sufficiently settled to rest notwithstanding different variables that influence rest designs. The agony brought about by the client’s chest torment additionally makes it hard to for her to take profound, satisfactory inhales and to survey her lung sounds. 2.Ineffective Breathing Pattern identified with intense chest disorder auxiliary to sickle cell sickliness as prove by changes inside and out of relaxing. Breathing ought to be organized as the auxiliary nursing analysis, in light of the fact that the patientâ₠¬â„¢s sickle cell paleness is giving her decreased lung sounds in the lower right lung. Since the essential nursing determination is related with vaso-impediment, the customer isn't getting legitimate oxygenation to parts of their body, and intercessions may incorporate controlling analgesics to treat the inconvenience, of which an unfriendly impact may incorporate an adjusted breathing example, it is particularly critical to focus on and evaluate respiratory working so as to treat the impacts of smoking and organization of analgesics on respiratory capacity and guarantee satisfactory oxygenation. 3.Disturbed Sleep Pattern identified with exorbitant commotion as prove by reports of being stirred throughout the night. Upset rest example ought to be organized third, since absence of satisfactory rest can cause weakness, further uneasiness, and diminished capacity to work and perform ADL’s which is critical to a client’s confidence and freedom. Nursing Diagnosis: Acute Pain identified with vaso-occlusive emergency auxiliary to sickle cell pallor as showed by scowling and verbalization of torment Outcome/Short Term Patient Centered GoalsPlanning/Interventions ImplementationRationale for intercessions/Evaluation Transient Desired Results The customer will â€Å"perform suitable mediations, with or without noteworthy others, to improve and additionally keep up worthy solace level,† a 5 or less on a 0-10 torment scale, before the day's over (Ackley and Ladwig, 2013). Long haul Desired Results The customer will â€Å"identify systems, with or without critical others, to improve as well as keep up comfort level† when of release (Ackley and Ladwig, 2013).1. â€Å"Assess torment force level in a client† consistently using a 0-10 agony scale (Ackley and Ladwig, 2013). 2. â€Å"Describe the antagonistic impacts of unrelieved pain† consistently alongside each torment evaluation until persistent verbalizes understanding (Ackley and Ladwig, 2013). 3. Show the customer endorsed prescriptions (oxycodone, for torment, for example, how to utilize it, how regularly to take it, how much on the double, and its ideal and antagonistic impacts. 4. â€Å"Ask the customer to report symptoms, for example, queasiness and pruritus, and to depict craving, entrail disposal, and capacity to rest and sleep† by playing out a meeting each hour while surveying torment level (Ackley and Ladwig, 2013). 1.†The initial phase in torment evaluation is to decide whether the customer can give self-report† (Ackley and Ladwig, 2013). 2. â€Å"Ineffective administration of intense torment has the potential for†¦neuronal remodelin, an effect on safe capacity, and enduring physiological, mental, and passionate distress†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ackley and Ladwig, 2013). 3. â€Å"Instruct the customer and family on recommended meds and treatments that improve comfort† (Ackley and Ladwig, 2013). 4. â€Å"Constipation is one of the most widely recognized reactions of narcotic treatment and can turn into a huge issue in torment management† (Ackley and Ladwig, 2013).Short-Term Desired Outcomes The customer can appropriately use the endorsed oxycodone in their treatment to accomplish a solace level of 5 before the day's over. Verbalizing a comprehension of unfriendly impacts of unrelieved torment helped persistent comprehend the significance of revealing a precise torment score wheneverâ experiencing uneasiness. Objective Met. Nursing mediations for this objective were viable to enable the patient to accomplish a progressively agreeable state. Long haul Desired Results The customer can distinguish and report the symptoms of the oxycodone, with the goal that they can report any queasiness, blockage, or unusual rest examples to a medical caretaker or doctor. Objective met.

Biography of Inventor Jacob Perkins

Life story of Inventor Jacob Perkins Jacob Perkinsâ was an Americanâ inventor,â mechanical engineer, andâ physicist. He was answerable for an assortment of significant innovations, and made critical improvements in the field of hostile to falsification cash. Jacob Perkins Early Years Perkins was conceived in Newburyport, Mass., on July 9, 1766, and kicked the bucket in London on July 30, 1849. He had a goldsmithâ apprenticeship during his initial years and before long made himself known with an assortment of valuable mechanical developments. Heâ eventually had 21 American and 19 Englishâ patents. He is known as the dad of the fridge. Perkinsâ was chose a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciencesâ in 1813.â Perkins Inventions In 1790, when Perkins was only 24, he created machines for cutting and heading nails. After five years, he earned a patent for his improved nail machines and began a nail fabricating business in Amesbury, Massachusetts. Perkins developed the bathometer (gauges the profundity of water)â andâ theâ pleometerâ (measures the speed at which a vessel travels through the water). He likewise created an early form of the refrigeratorâ (really anâ etherâ ice machine). Perkinsâ improved steam motors (radiator for use with high temp water focal warming - 1830) and made upgrades to firearms. Perkins additionally inventedâ a strategy for plating shoe-clasps. Perkins Engraving Technology Some of Perkins most prominent advancements included engraving. He began a printing business with an etcher named Gideon Fairman. They initially engraved textbooks, and furthermore made money that was not being produced. In 1809, Perkins purchased the generalization innovation (anticipation of fake bills) from Asa Spencer, and enrolled the patent, and afterward utilized Spencer. Perkins made a few significant developments in printing innovation, including new steel etching plates. Utilizing these plates he made the principal realized steel engraved USA books. He at that point made money for a Boston Bank, and later for the National Bank. In 1816 he set up a printing shop and offer on the printing of cash for the Second National Bankâ in Philadelphia. Perkins Work with Anti-ForgeryBank Currency His choice American bank money receivedâ attention from the Royal Societyâ who were caught up with tending to the huge issue of forged English monetary certificates. In 1819, Perkins and Fairman went to England to attempt to win the  £20,000 compensation for takes note of that couldn't be produced. They pair indicated test notes to the Royal Societyâ president Sir Joseph Banks. They set up for business in England, and went through months on model cash, still in plain view today. Shockingly for them, Banks imagined that unforgeable likewise suggested that the creator ought to be English by birth. Printing English notes at last demonstrated a triumph and was done by Perkins in organization with the English etcher distributer Charles Heath and his partner Fairman. Together they shaped the partnership Perkins, Fairman and Heath which was later renamed when his child in-law, Joshua Butters Bacon, purchased out Charles Heath and the organization was then known as Perkins, Bacon. Perkins Baconâ provided banknotes for some banks and outside nations withâ postage stamps. Stamp creation began for the British government in 1840 with stamps that consolidated an enemy of fabrication measure. Perkins Other Projects Additionally simultaneously, Jacobs sibling maintained the American printing business, and they brought in cash on significant fire wellbeing licenses. Charles Heath and Perkins cooperated and autonomously on some simultaneous ventures.

Holder in Due Course Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 47

Holder in Due Course - Case Study Example For the situation study, Talcott sent a check for $5700 on January fifteenth to Guarino, who introduced it to Stuart Any Kind Store for money. For this situation, Guarino was the holder or carrier of the check. Endless supply of the legitimacy of the check from the cabinet, the check was affirmed for getting the money for of $5700 check. Any Kind liquidated the Guarino’s check in the wake of deducting the administration charge of 3 percent or a worth proportional to $171. All together for the holder to qualify as the holder at the appropriate time, they more likely than not acquired the instrument in compliance with common decency (Mann and Roberts, 2013). For this situation, Any Kind Store turned into the holder at the appointed time of the $5700 check subsequent to paying the estimation of the check to the holder. Any Kind Store was the owner of a debatable instrument which they had taken for esteem and in accordance with some basic honesty. They had given a thought identica l to the assumed worth of the check less a 3% rebate charges to the holder of the check as per the necessities for the holder at the appropriate time. When Guarino introduced the second check for liquidating to Any Kind Stores, the bookkeeper called upon the individual who had endorsed the principal check so as to favor for the installment. They called Talcott the cabinet to affirm the legitimacy of the check. The cabinet affirmed the $5,700 check for installment after which Any Kind got the money for the holder. In such manner, Any Kind turned into the holder at the appointed time since they had practiced proper consideration to guarantee the check was legitimate and without deformity. Be that as it may, they didn't make a request to about the legitimacy of the $10,000 check of which they had just gotten the money for Guarino.

Embracing Multiculturalism In The Classroom

Each year, American classrooms become more diverse. This makes cultural diversity in the classroom a paramount issue, which is not only faced by educators, but the educational system as whole. The act of ignoring the increase in diversity can do more harm than good, so educators are encouraged to embrace and foster diversity in the classroom. This means promoting sensitivity, strengthened by the concept of wanting each student to succeed. With that in mind, diversity poses this simple but relevant question: what is culture?Contrary to what most believe, culture is more than a combination food recipe, preferences, language, and holidays. Culture is, essentially, the structure we build around our identity, as it influences how we engage with the rest of the world. It plays a role on the perspectives we choose to take and the expectations we set for ourselves and the outside. Each one of us belongs in a culture, and most of us even have identities founded on multiple cultures. For insta nce, you may consider yourself belonging to the American culture, further identifying with the culture of South Virginia, followed by the small community of immigrants in your little town, and then the culture of people who enjoy books, and so on. This holds true for the confines of the four walls of classrooms, as students come from different cultural backgrounds. Huddled in a single space, their sensitivity and acceptance towards one another should be always be taken into consideration.Why should we promote cultural diversity in the classroom?According to the Census Bureau, by 2020, more than half of Americas children will be part of an ethnic group or minority race. They further report that a shift will happen for America as a whole by 2044, where not a single racial or ethnic group will dominate the country in terms of size. By 2044, the students will be well integrated into their working lives. With the shift to consider, one can assume that their workplaces will be just as div erse as classrooms, where heritage, languages, and traditions are different. As early as now, multicultural students should learn to embrace differences, as well as understand the truth about people who may seem different: that theyre not really as different, despite glaring factors like physical features.What are the kinds of cultural diversity mostly present in classrooms?No two students are alike, even if they do share plenty in common. To nurture cultural diversity in the classroom positively, it is necessary to consider the various aspects of culture, especially those that influence perceptions, behaviors, and attitudes. Some cultural differences include the following:RaceThe recognition of the impact ones skin color poses is important, especially on the broader aspect of the American culture. Hard as it may be due to the surrounding issues around race, creating an environment of understanding and how it affects students perceptions of one another can greatly help.EthnicityEthn icity is sometimes equated to race, but it is more precisely defined as the culture we derive from our respective nationality. There are ethnic differences that arise in every immigrant group, which persists for generations.ReligionThe act of worshiping varies greatly, and some people do not worship at all. To further understand how to nurture multiculturalism in the classroom, its important to familiarize yourself with religious traditions and requirements, as these also play a role in a students behavior and time spent.LanguageLanguage can be restricting, yes, but it should not serve as an educational barrier. Of course, the reality of being able to speak every language isnt plausible, but there are ways to accommodate those who only speak English as a second language.EconomicAnother factor to consider is a students economic standing, as it greatly impacts ones education. It is important to be aware of the extent of the role of economic pressures in classroom stress, which include s finding time and a place to study.LGBTQ+Even with evident progress towards acceptance, ones sexual orientation or gender identify can still bring forth conflict in their lives. To truly accept cultural diversity in the classroom, the culture of the LGBTQ+ should be considered.How do you embrace diversity in the classroom?To fully embrace diversity in the classroom, a school-wide effort is necessary, along with the help of implemented policies. However, there are initiatives individuals can make, especially the educators. Here are some ideas:Make time to understand your studentsOne of the best ways to nurture an inclusive environment for multicultural students is by understanding each one of them. Make sure you allot enough time to understand their strengths and weaknesses, along with personality traits and learning styles. As a teacher, this level of interaction and engagement shows that you are invested in them and their ability to succeed. Also remember that students learn diffe rently, so taking some time to understand each one of them will make the teaching process easier for you. Set presentation projects on subjects about culture or a certain countryThe ideas here are endless: you could ask students to write about their own cultures through essay writing and present it to the class, or perhaps assign them to research on anothers culture to write and present on. They could either do this project in pairs or groups, so that presentation aspect will not be much of a problem. Some students are rather shy while some can be outspoken; pairing the opposites can also help foster mutual respect and encourage acceptance.Be willing to address inequalitySupporting diversity in the classroom means creating a safe space for students and educators alike to freely talk about how discrimination affects the many parts of their lives. Opening a discussion about diversity means more will follow suit, but it should not just be limited to words. In order to make an effective change, you must be willing to take practical steps to address discrimination whenever necessary. Such steps can include the following:Quickly shut down discrimination whenever you hear it.Use language that encourages positivity.Dont reinforce existing stereotypes; for instance, boys will be boys, a case of everyday sexism, should not be used to justify such ideology or aggression towards others.For inappropriate comments or actions, make sure to respond effectively. Infractions must be taken seriously and inform parents whenever necessary.Encourage students to include all of their peers, especially if there is apparent division forming instituted by racial or economic lines.Eradicate prevailing markers of inequality in your school. This could be the lunch programs for financially unstable students, as this program often makes them feel singled out and different.Remember that fair does not mean equal. Fair means that everyone gets what they need or deserve. Equal, on the other hand , means that everyone receives the same regardless of need, even if they are already enjoying privileges. In the academic context, fairness means ensuring that every student, regardless of their background, is given what is necessary to succeed in every aspect.Pitch events that invites guests and motivational speakers from different backgroundsSchools usually hire speakers and guests from numerous industries, where theyre invited to share significant messages and inspire students to reach for their dreams. To promote diversity, it could be a good idea to invite guest speakers presenting the different parts of society, so that students will have role models they can relate to. Having a culturally diverse set of speakers, all successful in their respective fields, can send out the message that no matter your gender, heritage, and physical attributes, you can reach your goals.Arrange afoodfair to celebrate different dishes from around the worldEven the littlest of efforts can make an i mpact. A food fair can be a full day event, or can even be a monthly occurrence. The idea is that each student could bring a dish native to their culture or country, which others can try. A background of the dish can be discussed, which includes its relevance and history.The importance of diversity in the classroom for all students and society as a wholeRemember that students spend a significant amount of their time surrounded by their classmates, friends, and teachers. Although academic achievement is regarded as a high priority, it is expected of the educational system to prepare students to become productive members of society. As America continues to adapt multiple cultures and heritages, the teachers are given the task to show students the value of embracing cultural diversity. While a holistic growth and positive citizenship are key to a students success, overall development and personal life choices are just as essential having the ability to learn and work with people haili ng from different backgrounds is a part of this. An essential way of learning about anothers culture is through the art of writing and research. You may find yourself required to write a paper about a culture youre unfamiliar with, or perhaps a cultural identity essay infused with careful introspection.An academic writing service for youWith a heavy workload on your back, however, accomplishing this can be quite difficult. , an essay writing service, would be glad to help. We understand the importance of diversity intimately, as we are a team hailing from various parts of the world and from many different industries. More than your essay on culture, were also capable of accomplishing plenty of your requested academic help, like custom research papers and custom term papers.

What Were the Top 4 Causes of the Civil War

The question â€Å"what caused the U.S. Civil War?† has been debated since the horrific conflict ended in 1865. As with most wars, however, there was no single cause.   Pressing Issues That Led to the Civil War The Civil War erupted from a variety of long-standing tensions and disagreements about American life and politics. For nearly a century, the people and politicians of the northern and southern states had been clashing over the issues that finally led to war: economic interests, cultural values, the power of the federal government to control the states, and, most importantly, slavery in American society. While some of these differences might have been resolved peacefully through diplomacy, slavery was not among them. With a way of life steeped in age-old traditions of white supremacy and a mainly agricultural economy that depended on cheap (slave) labor, the southern states viewed slavery as essential to their very survival. Slavery in the Economy and Society At the time of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, slavery not only remained legal in all 13 British American colonies, but it also continued to play a significant role in their economies and societies. Prior to the American Revolution, the institution of slavery in America had become firmly established as being limited to persons of African ancestry. In this atmosphere, the seeds of white supremacy were sown. Even when the U.S. Constitution was ratified in 1789, very few black people and no slaves were allowed to vote or own property. However, a growing movement to abolish slavery had led many northern states to enact abolitionist laws and abandon slavery. With an economy based more on industry than agriculture, the north enjoyed a steady flow of European immigrants. As impoverished refugees from the potato famine of the 1840s and 1850s, many of these new immigrants could be hired as factory workers at low wages, thus reducing the need for slavery in the north. In the southern states, longer growing seasons and fertile soils had established an economy based on agriculture fueled by sprawling, white-owned plantations that depended on slaves to perform a wide range of duties. When Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1793, cotton became very profitable. This machine was able to reduce the time it took to separate seeds from the cotton. At the same time, the increase in the number of plantations willing to move from other crops to cotton created an even greater need for slaves. The southern economy became a one-crop economy, depending on cotton and, therefore, on slavery. Though it was often supported throughout the social and economic classes, not every white southerner owned slaves. The population of the south was around 6 million in 1850 and only about 350,000 were slave owners. This included many of the wealthiest families, a number of whom owned large plantations. At the start of the Civil War, at least 4 million slaves and their descendants were forced to live and work on the southern plantations. In contrast, industry ruled the economy of the north and less emphasis was on agriculture, though even that was more diverse. Many northern industries were purchasing the souths raw cotton and turning it into finished goods. This economic disparity also led to irreconcilable differences in societal and political views. In the north, the influx of immigrants — many from countries that had long since abolished slavery — contributed to a society in which people of different cultures and classes lived and worked together. The south, however, continued to hold onto a social order based on white supremacy in both private and political life, not unlike that under the rule of racial apartheid that persisted in South Africa for decades. In both the north and south, these differences influenced views on the powers of the federal government to control the economies and cultures of the states. States and Federal Rights Since the time of the American Revolution, two camps emerged when it came to the role of government. Some people argued for greater rights for the states and others argued that the federal government needed to have more control. The first organized government in the U.S. after the Revolution was under the Articles of Confederation. The 13 states formed a loose Confederation with a very weak federal government. However, when problems arose, the weaknesses of the Articles caused the leaders of the time to come together at the Constitutional Convention and create, in secret, the U.S. Constitution. Strong proponents of states rights like Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry were not present at this meeting. Many felt that the new Constitution ignored the rights of states to continue to act independently. They felt that the states should still have the right to decide if they were willing to accept certain federal acts. This resulted in the idea of nullification, whereby the states would have the right to rule federal acts unconstitutional. The federal government denied states this right. However, proponents such as John C. Calhoun — who resigned as Vice President to represent South Carolina in the Senate — fought vehemently for nullification. When nullification would not work and many of the southern states felt that they were no longer respected, they moved towards thoughts of secession. Slave and Non-Slave States As America began to expand — first, with the lands gained from the Louisiana Purchase and later with the Mexican War — the question arose of whether new states would be slave states or free states. An attempt was made to ensure that equal numbers of free and slave states were admitted to the Union, but over time this proved difficult. The Missouri Compromise passed in 1820. This established a rule that prohibited slavery in states from the former Louisiana Purchase  north of the latitude 36 degrees 30 minutes, with the exception of Missouri.   During the Mexican War, the debate began about what would happen with the new territories the U.S. expected to gain upon victory. David Wilmot proposed the Wilmot Proviso in 1846, which would ban slavery in the new lands. This was shot down amid much debate. The Compromise of 1850 was created by Henry Clay and others to deal with the balance between slave and free states. It was designed to protect both northern and southern interests. When California was admitted as a free state, one of the provisions was the Fugitive Slave Act. This held individuals responsible for harboring fugitive slaves, even if they were located in non-slave states.   The  Kansas-Nebraska Act  of 1854 was another issue that further increased tensions. It created two new territories that would allow the states to use popular sovereignty to determine whether they would be free states or slave states. The real issue occurred in Kansas where pro-slavery Missourians, called Border Ruffians, began to pour into the state in an attempt to force it toward slavery.   Problems came to a head with a violent clash at Lawrence, Kansas. This caused it to become known as Bleeding Kansas. The fight even erupted on the floor of the Senate when anti-slavery proponent Charles Sumner was beaten over the head by South Carolinas Senator Preston Brooks. The Abolitionist Movement Increasingly, northerners became more polarized against slavery. Sympathies began to grow for abolitionists and against slavery and slaveholders.  Many in the north came to view slavery as not just socially unjust, but morally wrong. The abolitionists came with a variety of viewpoints. People such as William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass wanted immediate freedom for all slaves. A group that included Theodore Weld and Arthur Tappan advocated for emancipating slaves slowly. Still others, including Abraham Lincoln, simply hoped to keep slavery from expanding. A number of events helped fuel the cause for abolition in the 1850s.  Harriet Beecher Stowe  wrote Uncle Toms Cabin, and that popular novel opened many eyes to the reality of slavery. The Dred Scott Case  brought the issues of slaves rights, freedom, and citizenship to the Supreme Court. Additionally, some abolitionists took a less peaceful route to fighting against slavery. John Brown and his family fought on the anti-slavery side of Bleeding Kansas. They were responsible for the Pottawatomie Massacre, in which they killed five settlers who were pro-slavery.  Yet, Browns best-known fight would be his last when the group attacked Harpers Ferry in 1859, a crime for which he would hang. The Election of Abraham Lincoln The politics of the day were as stormy as the anti-slavery campaigns. All of the issues of the young nation were dividing the political parties and reshaping the established two-party system of Whigs and Democrats.   The Democratic party was divided between factions in the north and south. At the same time, the conflicts surrounding Kansas and the Compromise of 1850 transformed the Whig party into the Republican party (established in 1854). In the North, this new party was seen as both anti-slavery and for the advancement of the American economy. This included the support of industry and encouraging homesteading while advancing educational opportunities. In the south, Republicans were seen as little more than divisive. The presidential election of 1860 would be the deciding point for the Union. Abraham Lincoln represented the new Republican party and Stephen Douglas, the northern Democrat, was seen as his biggest rival. The southern Democrats put John C. Breckenridge on the ballot. John C. Bell represented the Constitutional Union Party, a group of conservative Whigs hoping to avoid secession. The countrys divisions were clear on election day. Lincoln won the north, Breckenridge the south, and Bell the border states. Douglas won only Missouri and a portion of New Jersey. It was enough for Lincoln to win the popular vote, as well as 180 electoral votes. Even though things were already near a boiling point after Lincoln was elected, South Carolina issued its Declaration of the Causes of Secession on December 24, 1860. They believed that Lincoln was anti-slavery and in favor of northern interests.   President Buchanans administration did little to quell the tension or stop what would become known as Secession Winter. Between election day and Lincolns inauguration in March,  seven states seceded from the Union: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas.   In the process, the south took control of federal installations, including forts in the region, which would give them a foundation for war. One of the most shocking events occurred when one-quarter of the nations army surrendered in Texas under the command of General David E. Twigg. Not a single shot was fired in that exchange, but the stage was set for the bloodiest war in American history. Edited by Robert Longley

Where I Am I Now - 1501 Words

Where Am I Now? When I think about assessment I think about rubrics. Rubrics are an outline of what I aspect students to accomplish during the task at hand. When they complete the task, the students will receive a point value grade that reflects what they accomplish on the task. However, according to Craig Huhn (2005), â€Å"assessment means being keenly aware of what students know and understand, having sufficient evidence of this understanding, and offering a grade that accurately reflects this†. As a Family and Consumer Science teacher, mainly food courses, I found that I partially meet Huhn’s definition of assessment. In all my food labs, I use a rubric to grade the students. Each kitchen receives one lab rubric, five to six students in a kitchen, and I tend to grade them as a whole. It is very difficult to make sure I have sufficient evidence of understanding and accurately grade each and every student. At times, I feel that the â€Å"meaning of ‘points†™ has shifted students focus away from demonstrating what they have learned and toward collecting as many points as possible† (Huhn, 2005). At times I feel that students and I tend to lean more to â€Å"points† instead of making sure they can demonstrate what they learned. I would like to understand how I can have students fully recognize that the main goal is to walk out of the class knowing more than walking in to the class. Where Are We Going? Our goal is to logically create a valid and reliable assessment program for aShow MoreRelatedWhere Am I Now?1891 Words   |  8 Pages†¢ EQ #1: Where am I now? In many education systems, there are always some commonalities- regardless of the politics within that particular school setting. One significant commonality is through the grading system. The idea of assessing a student based on their value of knowledge and comprehension has been gradually overshadowed by the point values in general. We are teaching in a world today where students are more concerned with the amount of credit they are receiving for an assessment rather thanRead MoreRacial / Cultural Identity Development Model1212 Words   |  5 PagesI am a Hispanic woman who if I am honest have a lot of self hate for myself and my culture. â€Å"Internal racism has been the term used to describe the process by which persons of color absorb the racist messages that are omnipresent in our society and internalized them† (Sue, 2016). I grew up in a small border town where stereotypes are made. I never experienced much racism because we were the majority. 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Now before I leftRead MoreThe Death Of The Yacht1521 Words   |  7 PagesApril 3rd, 1966- â€Å"As I depart from the New York Harbor in Vida the Yacht, I hear the screaming voices of the city becoming one mumbled echo; becoming a wall pushing my boat further and further away into the freedom of the sea. The disconcerting, explosive screams of a city enraged, shrieking, â€Å"make love not war† soon decrescendos into the calming, humming winds of the ocean. All that those people are rioting for, I have found. Peace. Just a few miles out from where they stand. If only everyone couldRead MoreMy Experience At A Retail Store Essay970 Words   |  4 Pages3. Your vision-hustle- the thing I need to say yes to is being optimistic. The future scares me so much I don’t step out of my comfort zone when it comes to my job. I figure since I am making money and I am able to go shopping freely and save for a vacation I am planning why fix something that is not broken. I am happy where I am with my job right now but I don’t think it’s where I want to be. Therefore, the side door I have not yet opened is applying to a retail job. A few towns over there is aRead MoreThe Rainbow Fish : Character Traits1315 Words   |  6 Pagesthink character traits are? (I am going to get out my anchor chart and refer to it.) In my own words, character traits are descriptive words or phrases that help us understand a character. Looking at what the character says, looks like, feels, and does can help us identify their character traits. While I am reading The Rainbow Fish, we are going to look out for different character traits, and I am going to write it these character traits on this chart right here. (I am going to get out my other chartRead MoreI Want For Attend Bryant University877 Words   |  4 PagesToday, I find myself as a junior at Bryant University. It was a journey to get to this point, attending two schools and multiple of classes spreading across various topics. In the past when I have looked at my future in regards to a career, there was a lot of unknown. I have changed that through the help of my families and professors, the most important people in my life. Each day my view of the future gets clearer and more confident. I choose to attend Bryant University because I knew of theirRead MoreReflection On Practicum Reflection1000 Words   |  4 PagesAs I write this reflection on Thanksgiving break I ponder my experience throughout this practicum and how thankful I am for this opportunity. Throughout this experience, it has put me out of my comfort zone. I learned at a summer conference that if you are comfortable in what you are doing you are not learning. Well, I have been extremely uncomfortable all while learning a plethora of new knowledge. This practicum has brought me new involvement in committees at our school and helped me in finding

Understanding Public Relations

Question: Discusss about the Understanding Public Relations. Answer: Introduction: Public Relations help a company or person or other organisations in maintaining a positive public image. It helps a company or an individual to bring forth an image in front of the public that is positive. This report discusses the importance of various aspects of PR in a company (Black, 2013). Firstly, it presents short notes on the best practices in media relations. Then it moves on to presenting a fictional news release for an imaginary newsworthy client. The write-up then discusses the Social Exchange theory and how it can be applied to fundraising and sponsorship. The report uses the example of the PRINZ case study to indicate the opportunities that were created for establishing interactivity and awareness. It discusses how the concept of social exchange theory was encouraged through the program. It then identifies the ways in which successful fundraisers follow up with their donors. The report then lists the key characteristics of crisis. It also explains the method how effecti ve issues management can prevent a crisis situation. It then gives an example of a recent crisis. It moves on to defining a crisis management plan discussing the individuals who should be involved in it. The report then moves on to outlining the information needs of the shareholder and investor, giving example of how those needs are satisfied. It then moves on to describing the different kinds of non-financial information that are important to shareholders and investors, supported by examples (Jain Winner, 2013). Media Relations Best practices of media relations: Media relations comes under a section of public relations in general. It refers to the equation or the relationship that companies develop with journalists of various media houses. It is important to understand the necessity of media relations. It is important as it helps in informing the public about the company and the inner workings of a company. The best practices of media relations are as follows: 1. The organisation should have a clear picture of the audiences it is targeting. Assumptions do not work in this case. A company needs to be careful before choosing a media to extend its public relations to the masses. It needs to monitor the coverage that the media is providing to the company. It needs to assess the quality of coverage also. It has to be seen whether the coverage that is being provided by the media is partial or distorted. If it is so, then the company should immediately stop the association with that particular media (Howard Mathews, 2013). 2. An organisation or a company must be careful in choosing the media that helps them to extend their PR skills to the public.3. The company should be aware of the facts and the points that will attract the media and will help them be interested in the company. If a company employs new and innovative ways for customer service or a new technology to connect with the customers, then it might make the media interested, as it is a newsworthy item. Things like these help the company to go further in the competition race as these things attract the media (Raupp, 2017). 4. The company should be cooperative with the journalists. It should give them the access to different spheres of operations of the company to find out newsworthy items inside the company. 5. A company should understand that journalists have a responsibility towards the society and this responsibility cannot be avoided under any circumstances. Journalists have to work for the society even if it becomes detrimental to the company. 6. A company should provide newsworthy items to the journalists in order to make a good story. However, an employee of a company should always remember his or her loyalty and thus be careful of the information that he or she is providing to the journalists (Martino Lovari, 2016). 7.The company should train its staff carefully and thoroughly so as to properly educate them to deliver the message of the organisation. The staff of the company must be trained in such a way so that the employees of the company only distribute all the relevant information (Pang, HE Chiong Begam Binte Abul Hassan, 2014). 8. The employees of the company should behave cordially with the journalists in order to maintain a professional and cordial relation.9. The company should resolve disputes and queries immediately in a manner which benefits both, the company and the media. Any disputes should be resolved quickly and efficiently by the company (Supa, 2014). News release: Voices mobile brings in a technology that supports free video calling Auckland, New Zealand: Voices mobile company, today has announced a new handset that supports free video calling for all subscribers of Voices telecom. This facility is going to help all the users all over the world to connect in a more personal note. Since the users of Voices telecom is essentially placed in the defence, it comes as a refreshing and welcome update to all the subscribers of Voices telecom. After five years of research and development, the company has come up with the technology that is the first of its kind in the market. According to the CEO of the company, John Smith, this technology has been made keeping in mind the requirement of the people in the defence sector posted in various location. Mr. Smith said, This technology will help our soldiers to be better connected with their loved ones when they are posted at the borders defending us and ensuring our safety. The launch is scheduled to take place at the Hilton International hotel on Monday, 20.2.2017 from 7.00 P.M. About Voices mobile: Voices mobile is the new venture of Voices Telecom service. It was launched in the year 2010. Voices Telecom service caters to the army, navy and air force of New Zealand. The telecom service has a tie-up with the defence sector of the country. It was voted as the most reliable telecom service provider by the National Telecom Services Sector. Fundraising and Sponsorship Social exchange theory: Social Exchange theory proposes that the society is a structure full of interactions between people that minimises the cost and maximises the return. According to the theory, all relationships are made up of series of give and take. The theory implicates that in general, people are self-centric and not concerned with equality. The relationships that give the maximum amount of return without investing a lot into it, is the one which the people prefers to pursue for a long term (Cook, 2013). According to the theory, people feel negatively or positively about their relationships owing to the combination of these three factors:- 1.Comparison level 2.Cost-benefit analysis 3.Comparison level of alternatives According to Mersham, Theunissen and Peart, the social exchange theory states that each and every individual in the world is dependent on the exchange of interactions that prove to be beneficial for them. Fundraising also falls under the category of social exchange. Fundraising essentially means collecting financial support for a cause, a charity or for other enterprises. It basically means accumulating voluntary financial contributions or other resources by the means of donations from individuals, government agencies, charitable foundations or businesses. By keen observation, it can be noticed that fundraising falls under the social exchange theory. By fundraising, funds or financial aids for different causes or charities are accumulated. Although at the first glance, it might seem that fundraising is a benevolent work that is not aimed at profit making, it can be observed that the social exchange theory is subtly at work in this concept as well. Through the means of fundraising, co mpanies can look after their own PR interest. By fundraising, the organisation can garner a name for itself and also contribute to a good cause. The company or the organisation, thus stands at a position which proves to be beneficial for the firm (Cameron, Higgins Lippincott, 2012). Fundraising as a social exchange One of the significant examples of this concept of fundraising as a social exchange is exemplified in the case of Achilles International New Zealand. Achilles International is a charity that supports people with disabilities, so that they can perform and participate in mainstream sporting events alongside healthy athletes. When it started its operation in the year 2014, it was virtually unknown to the world (Honigman, 2012). However, when Cigna Life Insurance took over the public relations campaigns of Achilles International, things started to change. Cigna Life Insurance created a firm identity for the charity and an amount of $10,000 was raised in the process. The life insurance company used the PR strategy to raise the awareness of Achilles amongst the local citizens. The company took the help of a media campaign raise awareness amongst the local residents. They found three local Wellington based local Achilles athletes who were willing to share their personal journeys with the ot hers. The company paired these athletes with famous guests like The Mayor of Wellington. This provided an additional newsworthy angle to the event. The media relations programme of the company targeted a range of well-known media that were based in Wellington. One of the important messages that was shared was how to join and donate to the cause (Cousens Bradish, 2013). Another example is that of the Givealittle foundation, the largest crowd-funding organisation of New Zealand. It is an external generosity programme of Spark foundation. The Spark foundation acquired Givealittle foundation in the year 2012. It helps charities, schools, community groups and individuals to accumulate funds online. During the last year, the company garnered substantial interests from the media (Brennan, Binney Brady, 2012). Aspects of social exchange: Through the support of Cigna Life Insurance, the Achilles International found the desired recognition and media coverage. The donor, Cigna Life Insurance, sought to find new respect and recognition by supporting this cause. The life insurance company garnered a name for itself with the success of Achilles International. The success of Cigna round the Bays (CRTB) implied a win-win situation for both Cigna Life Insurance and Achilles International ("PRINZ - PRINZ Awards 2015 - Public Relations Institute Of New Zealand"). In return for sponsoring or supporting causes like these, the donors expect a certain amount of reciprocality. They expect returns in the lines of recognition and communication of future projects and events. The success of the events automatically highlights the participation and contribution of the donors in the event. The donors expect a little something to get recognised for the effort that they are putting in. The benefit might be substantial or intangible. According to the Social Exchange theory, everyone gives something in return of getting something back. Different donors have different expectations when it comes to the question of getting returns (Kennedy, 2012). Some people only expect to receive information about the event or any other future event while some people expect to get more than that. They expect to get recognition and fame through the process. The organisers almost always follows up with the donors. This is in expectation of future involvement of the donor with future events. The organisers often come up with techniques like honour rolls, mementos, awards, feedback in the form of progress reports and donor recognition events (Boenigk Scherhag, 2014). Crisis Communication Key characteristics of crisis: Crisis is often defined as a situation or time of difficulty or danger when an important or difficult decision must be made. It is a time when an urgent decision has to be made. In an organisation a situation of crisis is not welcome. There are certain characteristics which define a time of crisis. They are: 1. A time of crisis can unfold in an unexpected manner and very quickly. In such situations, the organisation can have difficulty regaining their initiative. 2. A crisis involves many individuals around the company. It involves the investors, the staff members, the customers and the media to name a few (Mersham, Theunissen Peart, 2009).3. In this type of situation, a lot of confusion goes around the company. Everyone tries to find out who is affected and what has happened.4. During a situation like this, the top management of the company might develop a defensive mentality. They might refuse to talk to the media regarding the crisis which may lead to different types of conjectures amongst the people. It might lead to a rise in the insecurities and rumours (Verhoeven et al., 2014).5. In a situation of crisis, there might be a lack of understanding and information of the happenings which can lead to panic and stress amongst everyone. 6. A crisis might cost the company a lot of money a nd resources. The cost of compensation and recovery might be extremely high (Coombs, 2014). Issues Management In a situation of crisis, an effective issues management can solve any serious issue of crisis that may affect an organisation. Issues management deals with monitoring, identifying and analysing trends in the opinion of the public, which might create trouble for the company in the future. A public relations professional must monitor the trends, which might prove to be harmful for the company (Mersham, Theunissen Peart, 2009). They need to be on the lookout for what is happening all around the world, they need to scan the media for any potential development that is of interest to the company. According to Mersham, Theunissen and Peart, the keen monitoring of such issues helps the company to be aware of any potential threats to the company and formulate strategic formula to deal with any problem that might sprout up and affect the company. The PR official of the company should monitor any potential threats to the company and should warn the top management of the company for remedial a nd defensive measures to deal with a crisis (Coombs, 2014). Different stages of issue management: There are different stages of issue management. They are: Analyse and anticipate the issues Develop and understand the position of the organisation on the issue 1.Identify the important individuals whose support is necessary 2.Recognise the desired behaviour from those individuals 3.Identifying the important issues 4.Prioritising the key issues 5.Implementing the management tactics of tackling the issue 6.Evaluating the success and failure of the procedure Example of recent crisis: One of the most recent, glaring examples of crisis in an organisation in New Zealand is the case of Fonterra, a multinational dairy cooperative that is owned by around 10,500 New Zealnad farmers. In the year 2013 there was a wide-scale recall of dairy products sold by Fonterra. It was announced after botulism-causing bacteria were found during the safety tests. The contamination was found in the whey products that were sold to the third parties manufacturing baby foods and sports drinks. About 1000 tonnes of consumer goods were affected by the recall across 7 countries. However, no cases of illness in the consumer were reported. The head of the milk division of Fonterra, Gary Romao resigned as a consequence of the scandal. The company detected the bacteria during a routine quality check conducted by the company (Hutchinson, 2016). The problem was noticed in March 2013, while testing for the possible presence of Clostridium. In july that year tests exposed signs of Clostridium botulin um which led to the recall. The contamination was apparently due to the unsterilized pipes that were used to move the whey concentrate. The manufacturers in China, Australia, Thailand, New Zealand and Saudi Arabia were affected by the recall. In the international scenario, the recall affected eight companies three animal-feed producers, a couple of beverage companies and three food companies. Crisis management plan A crisis management plan is a plan that is chalked out to combat in a situation of crisis in an organisation. Through this plan a rapid communication is facilitated that ensures the overall safety of both external and internal stakeholders of a company. It is the communication and the component of decision-making in the situation of crisis. Crisis management plan incorporates plan, procedures and policies to properly assess the impact of the situation. This plan also controls the media interaction during the time of a crisis (Timothy Coombs Jean Holladay, 2014). In this plan, all the individuals of a company who are important should be involved. They are the management officials, the PR official, the staff members of the company, the media and the internal and external stakeholders. Financial and Investor Communication In a company, financial investors play a crucial role. The financial and investor communication is therefore important for the company to succeed. A shareholder or an investor before investing in a company seeks to find out all the information about the company as possible. Information that is prepared by the accountants or the financial experts are often not enough or clear for the commoners to invest in the company (Guimard, 2013). Thus, a good communicator must compile the information in order to convey the information in a seamless and easy manner. In an organisation, a good communicator can convey the details about the company to the potential investors. An investor will look into the board of directors, the officers of the company, the image of the company, industry trends, reputation of the brand, position in the market, changes in the share price and the quality of products and services before looking into investing in the company (Laskin, 2014). The non-financial information is also important to the investors and shareholders. An investor, before investing in a company tries to find out whether the company is 1.meeting the legal requirement of the country 2.matching the industry standards 3.improving the moral spirit of the staff 4.improving the relationship between the consumers and the suppliers 5.improving the business reputation and strengthening the relationship with the local community (Laskin, 2014) 6.developing the business capability of the investor 7.properly dealing and anticipating the future threats (Monti et al., 2014) Conclusion: A company in order to succeed in the competitive market needs to have a strong PR team to handle all the pressures that come in the course of time. The public relations define the success or failure of a company. Maintaining a cordial relation with everyone in the market becomes necessary in the market of today. Media relations, fundraising and sponsorship, crisis communication and financial and investor communication all are important aspects of an adequate and healthy PR system in a company. References: Black, S. (2013).Practice of Public Relations. Routledge. Boenigk, S., Scherhag, C. (2014). Effects of donor priority strategy on relationship fundraising outcomes.Nonprofit Management and Leadership,24(3), 307-336. Brennan, L., Binney, W., Brady, E. (2012). The raising of corporate sponsorship: a behavioral study.Journal of Nonprofit Public Sector Marketing,24(3), 222-237. Cameron, J., Higgins, A., Lippincott, K. (2012).U.S. Patent Application No. 13/385,771. Cook, K. S., Cheshire, C., Rice, E. R., Nakagawa, S. (2013). Social exchange theory. InHandbook of social psychology(pp. 61-88). Springer Netherlands. Coombs, W. T. (2014). State of crisis communication: Evidence and the bleeding edge.Research Journal of the Institute for Public Relations,1(1), 1-12. Coombs, W. T. (2014).Ongoing crisis communication: Planning, managing, and responding. Sage Publications. Cousens, L., Bradish, C. (2013). Sport and sponsorship.Managing the Business of Sport: An Introduction, 264. Guimard, A. (2013). Investor relations: principles and international best practices in financial communications. Springer. Honigman, C., Robinson, W., Carson, T., Holloway, B., Bistreck, L. (2012, July). The Yin and Yang of Sponsorship and Fundraising. In Getting to the Heart of it All: Connecting Gender Research, WIE Programs, Faculty, Corporate Partners. Howard, C. M., Mathews, W. K. (2013). On deadline: Managing media relations. Waveland Press. Hutchinson, N. (2016). Batten down the hatches: The dairy industry in crisis?. Geodate, 29(3), 17. Jain, R., Winner, L. H. (2013). Country reputation and performance: The role of public relations and news media. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 9(2), 109-123. Kennedy, J. T. (2012). U.S. Patent Application No. 13/524,961. Laskin, A. V. (2014). Investor relations as a public relations function: A state of the profession in the United States. Journal of Public Relations Research, 26(3), 200-214. Mersham, G. M., Theunissen, P., Peart, J. (2009). Public relations and communication management: An Aotearoa/New Zealand perspective. Pearson Education. "PRINZ - PRINZ Awards 2015 - Public Relations Institute Of New Zealand". Prinz.org.nz. N.p., 2017. Web. 17 Feb. 2017 Laskin, A. V. (2014). Strategic financial communication. Martino, V., Lovari, A. (2016). When the past makes news: Cultivating media relations through brand heritage.Public Relations Review,42(4), 539-547. Monti, M., Pelligra, V., Martignon, L., Berg, N. (2014). Retail investors and financial advisors: New evidence on trust and advice taking heuristics.Journal of Business Research,67(8), 1749-1757. Pang, A., HE Chiong, V., Begam Binte Abul Hassan, N. (2014). Media relations in an evolving media landscape.Journal of Communication Management,18(3), 271-294. Raupp, J. (2017). Public Relations: Media Effects.The International Encyclopedia of Media Effects. Supa, D. (2014). The academic inquiry of media relations as both a tactical and strategic function of public relations.Research Journal of the Institute for Public Relations,1(1), 1-15. Timothy Coombs, W., Jean Holladay, S. (2014). How publics react to crisis communication efforts: Comparing crisis response reactions across sub-arenas.Journal of Communication Management,18(1), 40-57. Verhoeven, P., Tench, R., Zerfass, A., Moreno, A., Ver?i?, D. (2014). Crisis? What crisis?: How European professionals handle crises and crisis communication.Public Relations Review,40(1), 107-109

Premature babies free essay sample

Premature babies are babies born before 37 weeks. For some babies they are born closer to their due dates and suffer from little to no consequences of being born born before their due date. Where as the term small-for-date refers to babies that are born at the desired due date, but are below the expected weight for the length of time spent in the womb. About 500,00 babies are born prematurely in the United States alone. Many premature babies are forced to spend extended times in hospitals and suffer from health problems that can affect later life. Premature infants need more intensive and immediate care than full term infants to help recovery and survival. Certain activities or health problems put a women at greater risk for having a preterm infant. Some women have no signs that they are going to deliver preterm. Some of the risks of having a preterm infant include multiple births and in vitro fertilization. We will write a custom essay sample on Premature babies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mothers carrying more than one baby have a greater risk of having a their babies born premature or small-to-date. Also women that do not get proper prenatal care put themselves at greater risk to have a preterm infant. Unfortunately, mom women cant afford the prenatal care necessary for the developing fetus or are not educated about behavior needed for a healthy pregnancy. They may not visit their doctor to help monitor the developing fetus and they may not being eating right. Some mothers develop eating disorders because they feel their bodies are changing and they think they are fat or unattractive. These women put their unborn baby in danger because they deprive the infant of the necessary nutrients needed for proper growth and development. Mothers that are overweight or underweight at conception also put their fetus at risk for being premature. Drug use, as in cigarettes and alcohol increase the risk of having a preterm baby, along with having a baby born with illnesses. Cigarettes use during pregnancy increases risks of asthma and difficulties breathing. The more cigarettes a mother smokes while pregnant, increases the risks, even if the the mother quits in her third trimester of pregnancy she could still reduce the risk of premature birth of her baby and health issues associated with smoking. Mothers who drink alcohol while pregnant increase the risks of premature births along with birth defects that are visible. Babies born to alcoholic parents suffer from Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAST) which has physical abnormalities and issues with memory, language and communication. Another factor that can increase risk for having a premature infant is illegal drug use. About 4% of expecting mothers in the United States use mood altering drugs , like cocaine and heroin. Babies born from drug using parents are greater at risk for premature birth, breathing difficulties, physical defects and death shortly after birth. The infants are born addicted to the substance the mother was using and become irritable and stressed when the drug supply from the mother is cut off. Drug use is linked to memory, language and motor development impairment is young childhood and academic issues. High blood pressure and diabetes also increase the risk of having a premature baby. Stress can also bring about a premature birth. For other women, they may have no signs of having a premature baby and dont engage in any risky behavior during pregnancy , and still deliver babies prematurely. Infants born prematurely need more care after birth to make sure they are able to survive and they have to be accessed for any abnormalities. After birth premature babies are immediately put in incubators to keep the babys NICE). In the NICE they receive specialized attention and monitoring to make sure the infant survives. Monitor systems are usually hooked up to babys chest to monitor breathing, heart rate, temperature. If the infant is having difficulty breathing, then the nurses in the NICE hook the baby up to a ventilator to help breathing stability. If the baby is weak and unable to breast feed or bottle feed, then IV fluid treatment is used to keep the baby hydrated along with feeding tube insertion. Feeding tubes go through the infants nose and the tube travels to stomach to ensure the nutrients are getting into the infant. Nurses, Doctors and staff in the NICE work around the clock to ensure that babies vitals are stable and the infant is surviving. Babies born premature and Jaundice are placed under blurring lights that help the infant break down excess blurring that builds up because the liver is not breaking in down. In some cases infants are given medications to help stabilize them. Liquid surfactants are spayed into the lungs to help under developed lungs develop. Antibiotics are given to infants that are at risk of infections or suffering from infections. Medications that increase urine production called diuretics are used to help the lungs and recirculation. Medications are also given to strengthen breathing and heart rate. Infants care is all specified to their particular illness and situation and the staff at the NICE work hard to be able to stabilize the babies for return to their mothers and family. Babies born prematurely require more hospitalizing and treatment then babies born normal term. Luckily advances in technology have increased survival in infants born prematurely. The longer the pregnancy, the greater the chance of survival is. The development of new technology and creation of NICE in hospitals allows for proper and better treatment of infants born prematurely. 0% of babies born at 28 weeks survive and more extreme cases or premature babies are surviving with the modern medicine advancements in hospitals. Being born premature can affect future mental, developmental, and behavior problems that affect early childhood or become permanent. Doctors have no way of determining how prematurely will affect later development and growth. Premature babies can suffer from health issues upon arrival into the world. Some premature infants develop Apneas. Apneas causes delayed breathing for 20 seconds or more and can also affect heart rate by decreasing it dramatically. Babies with Apneas re closely monitored and hooked up to breathing and monitoring devices to keep track of the infants breathing. Infants born prior to 34 weeks usually do not have fully developed lungs which makes them have Respiratory distress syndrome (RODS). In RODS the baby cannot breath properly because they do not have a specific protein called surfactant. Surfactant is a protein that keeps small air sacs in the lungs from collapsing. Infants with RODS are immediately rushed to NICE and treated. Another lung issue can be precautionary dysphasia (BAD) which is when babies have damage or fluid in their lungs. Another health problem is Intracellular hemorrhage (IV). This is when the infants brain has internal bleeding which normally occurs near the ventricles near the center of the brain. Ventricles are spaces in the brain that are filled with fluid. These babies also need immediate emergency care. Some premature babies suffer from heart issues like Patent ducts arterioles (PDA). This closed properly causing breathing problems and even heart failure. Intestinal issues are sometimes also prevalent such as Engineering interconnections (NECK). This health problem causes a swollen belly and diarrhea and can appear 2 to 3 weeks after birth. Some infants are born anemic and do not have healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen to the body. Treatment sometimes involves blood transfusions. Other premature infants are born with Jaundice which is when the liver does not function properly and babies are yellow in appearance. Babies are put in the blurring light incubators to help control and treat the issue. Premature babies can also be born with multiple infections such as pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis. Premature babies require more attention then full term healthy babies. Infants born premature are also subject to issues later on in life. Studies show that babies born prematurely are more likely to get lower test scores in math and reading, than babies born full term. A study published in 2011 analyzed long term effects of cognitive abilities such as memory and attention span. In the study the researchers concluded that babies born extremely premature did worse on function test and took more time to complete IQ tests. Also adults that took IQ test scored an average of 8. 4 points lowers than adults born full term. Another study conducted that babies born between 22 and 25 weeks where at risk for developing neurological impairments around 4 to 8 years old. In 2012 researchers from the University College London Institute for Womens health reported that even with advances in technology, the long term of effects of being born prematurely have not changed in the past decades. Advances in technology have increased survival rate in in infants born prematurely, but have not been able to change the issues with cognitive functions and higher risk for particular disorders. Infants born prematurely are more Likely to have weaker immune systems and develop respiratory issues, like asthma. This can e costly for the parents and in some cases lead to early death. Increases in NICE staff and technology have helped the premature babies and decrease many issues that used to be fatal. Unfortunately some issues still arise in later life due to lack of cognitive and physical development at birth. Premature babies need more care than full term babies because they are still fragile and some are barley ready for survival outside of the womb. Premature births occur every day and steps can be taking to decrease the risks, but even with proper prenatal care delivering preterm still can occur. Premature babies need excessive immediate care to help increase survival and decrease disabilities and disadvantages of being born preterm. Premature infants are born under developed and need intensive care to help make sure they are able to develop outside of the womb and survive with the ability to normally function. Doctors and nurses of the NICE work around the clock to help infants born preterm stabilize and to prepare them for transition in to the real world. Parents and family all eagerly wait for their infants to be able to go home. Preterm infants need more care than full ERM infants immediately following deliver due to the fact that preterm infants should still be developing in the womb.

Herbert Spencer Quotations on Education

Herbert Spencer Quotations on Education Herbert Spencer  was an English philosopher, prolific writer, and advocate of education, science over religion, and evolution. He wrote four essays on education and is known for espousing that science is the knowledge of greatest worth. He is also known for the following famous quotations: â€Å"Mother, when your children are irritable, do not make them more so by scolding and fault-finding, but correct their irritability by good nature and mirthfulness. Irritability comes from errors in food, bad air, too little sleep, a necessity for change of scene and surroundings; from confinement in close rooms, and lack of sunshine.† â€Å"The great aim of education is not knowledge, but action.† â€Å"For discipline, as well as for guidance, science is of chiefest value. In all its effects, learning the meaning of things is better than learning the meaning of words.† â€Å"Those who have never entered upon scientific pursuits know not a tithe of the poetry by which they are surrounded.† â€Å"Education has for its object the formation of character.† â€Å"Science is organized knowledge.† â€Å"People are beginning to see that the first requisite to success in life is to be a good animal.† â€Å"In science the important thing is to modify and change ones ideas as science advances.† â€Å"The behavior of men to the lower animals, and their behavior to each other, bear a constant relationship.† â€Å"It cannot but happen†¦that those will survive whose functions happen to be most nearly in equilibrium with the modified aggregate of external forces†¦This survival of the fittest implies multiplication of the fittest.† â€Å"Progress, therefore, is not an accident, but a necessity†¦It is a part of nature.† â€Å"The survival of the fittest, which I have here sought to express in mechanical terms, is that which Mr. Darwin has called natural selection, or the preservation of favored races in the struggle for life. â€Å"When a mans knowledge is not in order, the more of it he has, the greater will be his confusion.† â€Å"Never educate a child to be a gentleman or lady alone, but to be a man, a woman.† â€Å"How often misused words generate misleading thoughts.† â€Å"The ultimate result of shielding men from the effects of folly, is to fill the world with fools.† â€Å"Every cause produces more than one effect.† â€Å"Government is essentially immoral.† â€Å"Life is the continuous adjustment of internal relations to external relations.† â€Å"Music must take rank as the highest of the fine arts - as the one which, more than any other, ministers to the human spirit.† â€Å"No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy. â€Å"There is a principle which is a bar against all information, which is proof against all arguments and which cannot fail to keep a man in everlasting ignorance - that principle is contempt prior to investigation.† â€Å"Much dearer be the things which come through hard distress.† â€Å"We too often forget that not only is there a soul of goodness in things evil, but very generally a soul of truth in things erroneous.† â€Å"Our lives are universally shortened by our ignorance.† â€Å"Be bold, be bold, and everywhere be bold.†

Siting a Theatre based on the Findings Research Paper

Siting a Theatre based on the Findings - Research Paper Example In specific, three communities provided the basis upon which the information was gathered. Target groups within these communities were families as a basic unit of a society. This unit was considered based on the socio-cultural trends the three communities seemed to have in common. Research Methodology The research process involved data collection, techniques using various tools which included, the use of interviews, the use of questionnaires, visiting sites during the data collection process. These techniques were blinded by the use of both the structured as well as non-structures sub-categories, giving validity to the information collection process. The use of Questionnaires The questionnaire was a method that was administered to respondents in a user-specific form. It slotted for the three communities in question and was used to collect numerical data. This method was fundamental in the sense that it addressed the issue of time and precision. Because the information needed was not to be treated as crucially confidential, the questionnaire provided the platform where respondents could confidently give their honest opinion about the intended data. This also helped to focus this process on objectivity. The Use of Interviews During the data collection phase, there was also involved in the process, one on one encounter with the respondents. This form of data retrieval was to ascertain the validity of the content of questionnaires. In other words, the two processes in data collection were intended to run concurrently. As this information was sociologically retrieved, there was a need to justify the validity and precision standards of the information collected. Visits to Sites The various communities involved; communities A, B, and C, were those in the immediate vicinities of study sites, as to the appropriate location for the establishment of the theatre. In this regard, the communities depicted a representative target population for the fundamental information nee ded.

Vietnam War and American Pop Music Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Vietnam War and American Pop Music - Term Paper Example Feminism, African-American Civil Rights Movement, Anti-Vietnam War Protests and even Sexual Revolution occurred in the Sixties. But there is no revolution in that era that has had the profound effect like the one the Vietnam War had. The Vietnam War has left a huge mark in America’s social psyche, and subsequently made an impact in the collective consciousness of the American people. Many films have been made, songs, books and even TV shows that echoed the sentiments of the people during that time. This era changed the people’s view on media, politics, the government and other institutions. If the people in the other eras before trusted the government with its actions, this era saw that the people did not trust the government as much because it deployed their sons to another country, in what the Americans viewed as a futile war. The Vietnam War actually started in 1955. As an offshoot of the Cold War between the Communist Russia and the Democratic United States, the Vie tnam war is also about the battle of communism and democracy. It was between the communist Vietnam (North), controlled by the Viet Congs and the democratic Vietnam (South). The US, as a protector of liberty, tried to protect the democratic Vietnam from the communists who were trying to unite Vietnam by making the country a wholly communist one. Because of this threat to democracy, America rounded up its troops, mostly composed of young men. In 1960, the first massive recruits occurred, doubling up in numbers in 1962, and in 1963, the world saw that the American troops have tripled in number. These young troops were to be deployed in Vietnam. This happening, along with other socio-cultural movements in the 60s, spurred a massive protest movement. It has to be noted that this era saw the African-Americans being granted equal rights, the women equality with men, the environment being taken importance, etc. This war added to the agenda that the people were so keen to push. The people di d not want to wage war, unlike the government. The people pushed for peace and focusing on the environment, not having their sons, brothers and husbands killed. This conflict between the people and the government spurred the people’s disillusionment on the American government. This event, the Vietnam War, challenged their views pertaining to their leaders and their heads of state. It was inevitable anyway, the troops were sent to fight in the war. For nineteen years the United States has been deploying troops over at the Asian country. They lost the war. This fueled the masses’ discontent for the government. This discontent permeated through the pop culture. It has made its way in the people’s everyday lives, especially with the movies and music. Art is a reflection of reality. Music and movies are art forms and they do reflect reality in whatever form they can, intentionally or not, since the creators’ consciousness also reflects the events that happen a round him, through the art he has been making. This is especially true in protest music that made its way into the lives of the Americans in the 60s. Protest music is a result of a musician’s conscious effort to be heard. The rise of protest music in the United States was seen during the time of the Vietnam War. True, protest music existed way before, ever since man started to sing, but the Vietnam War, with the

Self Managed Teams Essay Example for Free

Self Managed Teams Essay Self Managed Teams Introduction Self-managed teams (SMTs) are relatively small groups of employees given substantial responsibility for planning organizing, scheduling and production of work products or service. SMTs however are more than just another way of directing groups. The concept, according to John Simmons, involves nothing less than, the complete restructuring of the jobs that people does. Thus, Self-managed work teams are groups of employees tasked with monitoring and reviewing a product or process in a firm and coming up with solutions to problems they encounter. Self-organized semi-autonomous small group whose members determine, plan, and manage their day-to-day activities and duties (in addition to providing other supportive functions such as production scheduling, quality assurance, and performance appraisal) under reduced or no supervision. Also called self directed team, self-managed natural work team, or self managed team. Self managed teams are workers who have been organized into teams on the basis of relatively complete task functions. They make decisions on a wide range of issues, often including such traditional management prerogatives as: * Who will work on which machines or work operations * How to address inter-personal difficulties within the group * How to resolve quality problems, and so forth. Also, these teams usually consist of five to fifteen employees, who: * Produce an entire product instead of sub-units * Learn all tasks and rotate from job to job * Take over vacation scheduling, order materials etc. Such groups are self-regulating and work without direct supervision. Normally, a manager acts as the team leader and is responsible for defining the goals, methods, and functioning of the team. However, interdependencies and conflicts between different parts of an organization may not be best addressed by hierarchical models of control. Self-managed teams use clear boundaries to create the freedom and responsibility to accomplish tasks in an efficient manner. The main idea of the self-managed team is that the leader does not operate with positional authority. In a traditional management role, the manager is responsible for providing instruction, onducting communication, developing plans, giving orders, and disciplining and rewarding employees, and making decisions by virtue of his or her position. In this organizational model, the manager delegates specific responsibility and decision-making authority to the team itself, in the hope that the group will make better decisions than any individual. Neither a manager nor the team leaders make independent d ecisions in the delegated responsibility area. Decisions are typically made by consensus in successful self-managed teams, by voting in very large or formal teams, and by hectoring and bullying in unsuccessful teams. The team as a whole is accountable for the outcome of its decisions and actions. Self-managed teams operate in many organizations to manage complex projects involving research, design, process improvement, and even systemic issue resolution, particularly for cross-department projects involving people of similar seniority levels. While the internal leadership style in a self-managed team is distinct from traditional leadership and operates to neutralize the issues often associated with traditional leadership models, a self-managed team still needs support from senior management to operate well. Self-managed teams may be interdependent or independent. Of course, merely calling a group of people a self-managed team does not make them either a team or self-managed. As a self-managed team develops successfully, more and more areas of responsibility can be delegated, and the team members can come to rely on each other in a meaningful way Objective: The objectives of using SMTs are to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of specific tasks. This approach achieves these objectives by having SMT team members look beyond their individual task concerns, to the needs of specific groups and the entire organization. Benefits and uses of SMTs: †¢ Reduced absenteeism †¢ Increased productivity †¢ Increased employee satisfaction, morale cohesiveness †¢ Multi-skilled workforce benefit †¢ Greater level of personal responsibility to the companys targets †¢ Unique flexibility in job functions †¢ 100% of team members all pulling to a common goal †¢ A significant reduction in day-to-day problems †¢ Awards for achievement are shared equally The most beneficial aspects of self-managed teams are that they are management innovations that are based on an accurate understanding of human nature and motivation. They eliminate bureaucratic/pyramidal values and replace them with humanistic/democratic value systems. They provide a work climate in which everyone has a chance to grow and mature as individuals, as members of a team by satisfying their own needs, while working for the success of the organization. â€Å"Self managed teams are closely associated with the concept of employee empowerment which entails the employee to have the requisite authority and resources required by him to carry out his responsibilities. Roadblocks and risks of SMTs Three major SMT roadblocks and risks are listed: 1. The difficulty of rescinding the system, once it is established and experienced by the worker. 2. Varying levels and degrees of resistance by various elements in the organization. 3. Undue peer pressure and its consequences. How Self managed teams differ from Normal Work Team or group A self managed team differs from a normal work team or group in one essential way that the processes or the means to achieve the team goal are designed and decided by the team itself. Given the stiff competition at the global level, all organizations have been forced to focus on developing their human capital. Difference between Self directed team and Self managed teams Work Group A group of people working together Team A group of people working together toward a common goal Self-Managed Team A group of people working together in their own ways toward a common goal which is defined outside the team (Example James River Corporation’s Kendallville Plant ALPHA team. They manufacture cardboard b oxes as defined by executive leadership. Team does their own work scheduling, training, rewards and recognition, etc. Self-Directed Team A group of people working together in their own ways toward a common goal which the team defines (as above, but team also handles compensation, discipline, and acts as a profit center by defining its own future) Before anyone would try to implement something as aggressive as a self-managed (and subsequently self-directed) team, they should know and be able to articulate the expected benefits. A mature self-managed team, when compared to typical hierarchical management, would have measured results showing: How to Manage a Self-Directed Team Self-directed teams are quietly but effectively altering the landscape of corporate business management. Top level managers are finding that self-directed teams are 30 to 50 percent more productive than traditionally structured teams. Step 1 Keep the focus on the whole process. To manage a self-directed team its important to redirect focus on the series of individual steps, as in the Taylor model, to the entirety of the process. By focusing on the entire process, each member of the team is constantly aware of how they and the other members are contributing on a daily basis to accomplish the overall task. Step 2 Gradually transfer management skills and roles. Part of your job as a manager of a self-directed team is to transfer your skills and roles as a manager to the team. The team as a whole needs to receive managerial training. As they do so, the team must decide as a group on how to delegate and divide different roles. You need to manage this process to make sure that it runs smoothly. Step 3 Meet regularly. As a manager of self-directed team you need to reconsider your own role. Its important for you to think of yourself more as a floating member of that team, or as a team consultant, rather than as a supervisor or a manager. If there is anything that you are still supervising it is the implementation of the teams goals in terms of the companys overall mission and vision. Step 4 Give the team an opportunity to correct itself. In cases where a team is under-performing or making errors, you need to manage the situation by bringing the problem to the teams attention and soliciting possible action plans from the team to correct the problem. If the problems persist you should try to re-frame the teams focus or mission. Only as a last resort should you change the membership of the self-directed team. My Learning: Not all groups are teams Some people also use the word team when they mean employees. A sales team is a common example of this loose or perhaps euphemistic usage, though interdependencies exist in organization, and a sales team can be let down by poor performance on other parts of the organization upon which sales depend, like delivery, after-sales service, etc.. However sales staff is a more precise description of the typical arrangement. From Groups to Teams Groups develop into teams in four stages. The four stages are: dependency and inclusion, counter dependency and fighting, trust and structure, and work. In the first stage, group development is characterized by members dependency on the designated leader. In the second stage, the group seeks to free itself from its dependence on the leader and groups have conflicts about goals and procedures. In the third stage, the group manages to work through the conflicts. And in the last stage, groups focus on team productivity Recommendations and Suggestions: 1. To create a team, a demand for performance is more important than team-building exercises. You can get a group together and train them in teamwork for weeks but they won’t be a team until they have a common understanding of the need to perform. First comes the strategic plan, then the tasks needed to carry out the plan, finally, teams are formed to do the tasks. 2. Team basics are often overlooked. Team basics are: size, purpose, goals, skills, approach, and accountability. 3. Teams at the top are the most difficult. Executives have complex, long-term challenges, heavy demands on their time. 4. There’s no need to throw out the hierarchy. Teams are the best way to integrate across structural boundaries. They are the best way to design and energize core processes. 5. Teams permit performance and learning at the same time.

Literary Analysis :: Essays Papers

Literary Analysis Literature is much more then simply a compilation of words thrown down into a book that work together to make a story. Nearly every author that takes the time to write a book is looking to not only tell a story, but to put forth their own ideas and beliefs. In Dubliners, James Joyce uses the theme of escape and journey to show the conflict between the individual and society in Dublin. Although at first glance many of these themes are simply over looked, upon closer reading it is easy to see that the characters in Joyce’s novels represent Ireland as a whole. The two themes explained above are very prevalent in two stories, â€Å"An Encounter† and â€Å"The Dead†. These two themes are repeated multiple times in both these stories not as a mere coincidence, but as a way for Joyce to show his opinion on Irish culture during that period of time. The idea of needing to escape from society is most blatantly shown in â€Å"An Encounter†. The entire plot of the story is based around two boys’ secret trip out of their local community to explore other things that Ireland has to offer. Although the boys never leave Ireland, Joyce uses them as a representation of Ireland as a whole wanting to escape their everyday boring lives. The young boys dream about living lives in the Wild West filled with adventure and danger. Neither of the boys has traveled this far from home by themselves, and they are excited with the unknown they experience. This small trip just out of their local community is in a way their own adventure in Ireland. This same need for escape is also very prevalent in â€Å"The Dead†. Unlike in â€Å"An Encounter†, Joyce does not decide to make the characters physically leave on a journey. Instead he implies this through their dialogue and thoughts. Toward the beginning of the story, the two aunts discuss their fears that Freddy Malins is going to arrive at the party drunk (176). The sisters fear that he is going to be a nuisance, and to do not want the other guests to feel uncomfortable around him.

Wal-Mart Scandal

New York Times reporter David Barstow uncovered a shocking story against retail giant, Wal-Mart. His investigation started after Wal-Mart shut down its internal investigation over the possible bribery of Mexican officials. Wal-Mart used these bribes to accelerate growth in their Mexican zoning areas. These allegations surfaced when a Hispanic lawyer contacted Wal-Mart headquarters in Bentonville Arkansas. This lawyer had inside information on Wal-Mart’s bribes, as he represented them in their acts. He was used as a middle man for Wal-Mart’s payoffs to these officials.Wal-Mart took action in defending its image. In 2005 the company launched an internal investigation that dug into the operations of Wal-Mart de Mexico. The reports put together obvious signs that the company had, in fact been bribing the city officials to open up zoning areas and to swiftly create building permits. These bribes reported to total above $24 million. Wal-Mart’s lead investigator had thi s to say after the investigation was conducted, â€Å"There is reasonable suspicion to believe that Mexican and USA laws have been violated. When Wal-Mart’s leaders were faced with the decision to continue the investigation, they gave it to Wal-Mart de Mexico to investigate; it was shut down. Wal-Mart didn’t notify Mexican or American law enforcement with the information and none of these wrong doings were brought to the public eye until the publication of Barstow’s article. Wal-Mart would obviously face critical examination by the public if the allegations were true; reasoning behind closing the investigation. Wal-Mart told the justice department that the investigation was unnecessary and the cases were minor where they did occur.The Time’s had a view in their investigation as they found substantial evidence supporting the bribes taking place. It’s believed that these bribes were the jump start Wal-Mart needed to gain its huge standing in Mexican society. 1 in 5 Wal-Mart’s are located in Mexico. The Times interviewed Sergio Cicero Zapata, who resigned from Wal-Mart de Mexico in 2004. Cicero told them of personal instances of him giving lawyers envelopes of money to pay off government officials. Cicero said that he had done these deals for years while working for Wal-Mart. Along with the information they received from Mr.Cicero, the times also found government documents with evidence of payoffs. These documents showed that within days of the money being given to the lawyers the permits were granted. The Times have published new stories exposing the company further with deeper information that they have gained through their investigation. Some of the information includes: * Wal-Mart pays $341,000 to officials in Mexico City to build a Sam’s club. The building was put in a densely populated area, and was done without a construction license, or an environmental permit or and urban impact assessment, or a traffic p ermit. Wal-Mart bribes officials to build â€Å"a vast refrigerated distribution center in an environmentally fragile flood basin north of Mexico City in an area where electricity is so scarce that many smaller developers turned away. † The bribe for this case was $765,000. * A zoning situation in Teotihuacan caused Wal-Mart to make a payment of $52,000 to enable them to build a store near a famous pyramid site. The citizens were enraged by the location of the store but the protests were ignored and the Wal-Mart was built.The mayor of Teotihuacan spent $77,000 buying and renovating a ranch the next year. Unexpected on a $47,000 yearly salary. * There have also been reports of Wal-Mart building on ancient ruin sites. They have been obtaining the permits to do so illegally. Now that the statements have been made public, Wal-Mart de Mexico has been under investigation by the U. S. and Mexican governments. The leadership is questionable within both Wal-Mart and Wal-Mart de Mexico . The high members of Wal-Mart de Mexico made a choice to shut down the investigation to cover up their tracks.The consequences of being discovered breaking the law to this extreme would put a huge chip on all of the Wal-Mart leaders’ shoulders. The growth of their business is also at stake. Apparently these bribes played a major role in the expansion of Wal-Marts across Mexico. The leaders located in Arkansas will more than likely be held accountable for irresponsible actions as well. If the allegations are true they could be found out for knowing about the illegal bribes. Ethical issues do not look good for leaders; it can dramatically impact the way the company is viewed.The actions of Wal-Mart making deals in Mexico could greatly affect the way the company is viewed and its overall standing to the public. With the investigation still ongoing it has yet to be clear what leaders at Wal-Mart are tied to the bribes in Mexico but it is undoubted by the New York Times that ther e are several people accountable for the actions. It is also possible that Wal-Mart has been doing this in other countries as well, but will only be confirmed when and if the government can obtain the information they need to prove wrong doing against Wal-Mart. Works Cited City. David Barstow; Alejandra Xanic Von Bertrab And James C. Mckinley Jr. Contributed Reporting From Mexico. â€Å"Vast Mexico Bribery Case Hushed Up by Wal-Mart After Top-Level Struggle. †Ã‚  The New York Times. 22 Apr. 2012. The New York Times. 04 Mar. 2013 . Radcliffe, Dana. â€Å"Leadership Lessons From Wal-Mart's Bribery Scandal. †Ã‚  The Huffington Post. 16 July 2012. TheHuffingtonPost. com. 04 Mar. 2013 .